(E) VAMP2-pHluorin imaging of insulin granules in an INS-1 cell by TIRF (left panel scale bars, 5 mm) and fusion events in scrambled (SC) and APT1 knockdown (KD) INS-1 cells (right panel). (D) Western blotting to validate the knockdown of APT1 in INS-1 832/13 cells (top panel) and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in APT1 knockdown cells (bottom panel). p values represent comparisons by two-way ANOVA.
(C) Dispersed islets from global APT1-knockout and control mice were isolated and F-actin was imaged in cells incubated in 3 or 16.7 mM glucose. (B) Docked insulin granule analysis by TIRF imaging in the presence of 3 and 16.7 mM glucose.
Calcium imaging, docked granules, cortical actin, and kinetics of granule fusion (A) Fluo-4 live cell imaging of isolated islets in the presence of 2 and 16.7 mM glucose.
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